"Writing" Strategies

Writing can be difficult and time consuming for many students, but like any complex job, writing is easier if you have the right tools. Writing strategies are the tools writers use to do their work.

Writing strategies are deliberate, focused ways of thinking about writing. A writing strategy can take many forms. It can be a formal plan a teacher wants students to follow to write a book report, or it can be something as simple as a trick to remember how a word is spelled.

An essay consists of three major parts:
- the introduction
- the main body
- the conclusion

Introduction :

Most essays use an introduction to set the tone, pose a question, or establish what's coming next in the essay. Introductions should be captivating, short, and to the point. A great introduction makes the reader want to learn more.

There are many ways to introduce an essay by doing one or more of the following :

- establish the context, background and/or importance of the topic

- indicate an issue, problem, or controversy in the field of study

- define the topic or key terms

- state of the purpose of the essay/writing

- provide an overview of the coverage and/or structure of the writing

The body : 

The main body of your essay should present your case. Each main point should have its own paragraph. You should use evidence to support the arguments you make in this section, referencing your sources appropriately.

You should use evidence to support and challenge the issues you cover in this section, referencing your sources appropriately.

You can deal with the issues in a way that seems appropriate to you. You can choose to

• deal with all of the supporting and all of the challenging evidence separately
• take each issue in turn, describing and evaluating it before moving on to the next issue
• describe all the issues first before moving on to your evaluation of them.

Conclusion :

Your conclusion should sum up how your essay has answered the title. It should reinforce your introduction and include a reference to the wording of the title.

If your essay has presented evidence or data, ensure that the conclusions you draw are valid in the light of that evidence and data. Draw your conclusions cautiously: use phrases such as 'the evidence suggests that ...', or 'one interpretation is that ...' rather than 'this proves that ...'.

Your conclusion should

• summarize the key elements of your argument clearly and concisely
• demonstrate how you've answered the question
• perhaps suggest what needs to be considered in the future.

Mots et expressions utiles en anglais :

Introduire : 

First of all: Tout d’abord, avant tout 

For a start = To begin with: pour commencer 

As an introduction : en guise d’introduction 

It is commonly said that… : On dit communément que … 

Ordonner ses idées : 

To begin with = first = firstly = first of all = in the first place : d’abord 

First and foremost: en tout premier lieu 

Secondly = in the second place : deuxièmement 

Thirdly : troisièmement 

Then = next : ensuite 

Lastly = finally = eventually : finalement 

Présenter son point de vue: 

From my point of view = in my view = in my opinion = personally (selon moi) 

As far as I’m concerned = if you ask me

It seems to me that : il me semble que 

I have the feeling that: je sens que 

I am well aware that : je suis conscient que 

We are given the impression that : on a l’impression que 

It may be noticed that : on peut noter que

As for : quant à 

Regarding = concerning : concernant 

As far as … is concerned = according to … : selon 

Donner des exemples : 

For instance : for example 

That is to say : c’est-à-dire 

Let’s take the example of : prenons l’exemple de…

 Let us consider the example of : considérons l’exemple de… 

There is a striking example of : il existe un exemple frappant de… 

Pour conclure : 

In conclusion I would say that… : Pour conclure, je voudrais dire 

In short = in brief : en bref 

To put it in a nutshell : pour résumer 

To put it differently: De le dire différemment 

Generally speaking: en general 

In most cases : dans la plupart des cas 

Vous pouvez également varier vos expressions comme par exemple : 

Good: excellent, interesting, thrilling, great, fine, pleasant … 

Important: major, crucial, significant, essential, serious … 

Interesting: motivating, exciting, attractive, appealing, entertaining … 

Problem: issue, topic, question … 

Speak: be about, have to do with, deal with, evoke, mention, refer to, focus on … 

I think: in my opinion, as far as I’m…

Liste des mots de liaisons pour Writing

Exemple de writing :

Write an email to your friend telling him / her about what you do in your free time. These cues may help you : 

Play computer game, watch TV, practice sports, – Listen to music, surf the internet, etc… – Have a wonderful time with friend – Entertain/ enjoy oneself – Get information (internet) –Gain experience – Relax/ keep fit…

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